Multiplication and division are essential skills in mathematics. Knowing the multiplication facts up to 144 helps in solving more complex problems quickly. We normally refer to these facts in our recitation of the "Times table."

Since subtraction is the reverse of addition, we can also say that, division is the reverse of multiplication and can be used to find how many times one number is contained in another.

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Here are the multiplication facts from $(1 \times 1)$ to $(12 \times 12)$. Remember, that to be quick at solving mathematical questions, you need to recall these facts.

You can also develop it further to include larger numbers.

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Division is the inverse of multiplication, that is, it is the reverse or the opposite of multiplication.

Hence, if $a \times b = c$, it implies that

1. $c \div a = b \ $ and

2. $c \div b = a$

Consider the examples below:

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Example 1

If $6 \times 4 = 24$, find

$(i)$ $24 ÷ 6$

$(ii)$ $24 ÷ 4$

Show Solution

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Example 2

Use the multiplication fact $8 \times 7 = 56$ to find;

$(i)$ $56 \div 8$

$(ii)$ $56 \div 7$

Show Solution

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Example 3

Use the multiplication fact $9 \times 12 = 108$ to find;

$(i)$ $108 \div 9$

$(ii)$ $108 \div 12$

Show Solution

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Example 4

Complete the following based on the multiplication facts:

$(i)$ $7 \times \_\_\_ = 42$

$(ii)$ $\_\_\_ \times 9 = 81$

$(iii)$ $11 \times \_\_\_ = 121$

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Example 5

Use division to solve these:

$(i)$ $72 \div \_\_\_ = 8$

$(ii)$ $144 \div 12 = \_\_\_$

$(iii)$ $\_\_\_ \div 6 = 11$

Show Solution

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Solve the following.

1. A baker arranges 12 cupcakes in each tray. If there are 96 cupcakes, how many trays does the baker need?

2. There are 72 apples distributed equally among 9 baskets. How many apples are in each basket?

3. Write all multiplication facts from $1 \times 1$ to $12 \times 12$ in your notebook.

4. For each multiplication fact, write the related division facts.

5. Solve these problems

$(i)$ $144 \div 12 = \_\_\_$

$(ii)$ $132 \div 11 = \_\_\_$

$(iii)$ $108 \div 9 = \_\_\_$

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